Abstract Basic algebra is often the first step that enables school students to enter
the world of mathematics. Concepts such as relations, equations, and
polynomials are considered basic algebraic concepts. Understanding these
basic concepts determines the further progress and development of
mathematical competencies. After all, some educational systems insist on
developing procedural knowledge in mathematics, which is why these and many
other fundamental concepts remain underdeveloped. In this paper, we present
the research results at two mathematics faculties in the Western Balkans on
students' conceptual knowledge of basic algebraic ideas at the beginning of
their studies. We also discuss possible explanations of the results.
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